The most direct impact of new energy vehicles on the global energy pattern is the change of energy demand structure. Traditional fuel vehicles rely on gasoline and diesel, which are derived from fossil fuels. The large-scale use of fuel vehicles has led to a sharp increase in the demand for oil, making oil the most important energy source in the global energy structure. However, new energy vehicles rely on electric energy, which can be derived from thermal power, hydropower, wind power, solar power and other energy sources. With the popularization of new energy vehicles, the demand for electric energy will continue to increase, and the proportion of electric energy in the global energy structure will gradually rise, while the proportion of oil will gradually decline. Data show that in 2025, the global sales of new energy vehicles reached 15 million units, accounting for 25% of the global new car sales. The electricity demand brought by new energy vehicles reached 500 billion kWh, accounting for 3% of the global total electricity consumption. It is predicted that by 2035, the global sales of new energy vehicles will account for 70% of the global new car sales, and the electricity demand brought by new energy vehicles will account for 15% of the global total electricity consumption. This will greatly promote the development of the global power industry and accelerate the transformation of the energy structure from fossil energy to clean energy. For oil-exporting countries, the popularization of new energy vehicles will bring certain challenges. Countries such as Saudi Arabia, Russia and Iran rely heavily on oil exports for their economic income. The decline in global oil demand will affect their economic development. Therefore, these countries are actively adjusting their energy strategies, increasing investment in clean energy, and trying to reduce their dependence on oil exports. For example, Saudi Arabia has launched the “Vision 2030” plan, which plans to invest 200 billion US dollars in the field of renewable energy, and aims to make the proportion of renewable energy in the country’s energy structure reach 50% by 2030. For oil-importing countries, the popularization of new energy vehicles will help reduce their dependence on oil imports and improve their energy security. Countries such as China, the United States and the European Union are major oil importers. The large-scale use of new energy vehicles can reduce oil imports, reduce the impact of international oil price fluctuations on their economies, and improve their energy independence. For example, China’s oil import dependence rate was 72% in 2025. With the popularization of new energy vehicles, it is predicted that China’s oil import dependence rate will drop to 60% by 2035. In addition, the popularization of new energy vehicles will also promote the development of the renewable energy industry. The large-scale use of new energy vehicles requires a large amount of electric energy, which will drive the development of wind power, solar power, hydropower and other renewable energy sources. At the same time, the development of new energy vehicles will also promote the development of energy storage technology. Energy storage technology can solve the problem of instability of renewable energy power generation, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, and provide a strong guarantee for the popularization of new energy vehicles. However, it should be noted that the impact of new energy vehicles on the global energy pattern is a long-term process. At present, the global energy structure is still dominated by fossil energy, and the popularization of new energy vehicles still faces many challenges, such as the imperfection of charging infrastructure, the high cost of battery technology, and the insufficient supply of renewable energy. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the joint efforts of all countries, new energy vehicles will play a more important role in the global energy transformation, and the global energy pattern will gradually move towards a more clean, low-carbon and sustainable direction.
